Hint of the Month - May 2026

What is Dunning-Kruger Effect?

 

 

Dunning-Kruger Effect is the theory that explains the cognitive bias that can affect people perception of their own knowledge and skill level. When a person level of knowledge and skill about a subject is low, they wouldn't realize their actual level and would assume they are competent, leading to high self-confidence. As a person level of knowledge and skill increases by learning, they correct their perception about their actual ability, and self-confidence degree will be adjusted accordingly. By continual learning, a person becomes aware they are knowledgeable and they gain back high self-confidence, which is preserved by continuous learning and receiving affirmation feedback. This theory was developed by two scholars, Dunning and Kruger, based on research in several countries. The concept is usually depicted as a two axes diagram, with a curve showing the relation between knowledge and self-confidence.